Tracked bills that became law: signed by a governor or the President, enacted over a veto, or law without signature. Newest action first. Effective dates vary; see each entry.
Amends the Office of State Inspector General provisions of The Administrative Code of 1929 to define "enforcement officer" and to give enforcement officers the power to carry firearms, concealed or otherwise, in the performance of their official duties, subject to the written policies of the State Inspector General. An enforcement officer may not carry, possess or use a firearm on duty unless the officer has completed basic firearms training and annual firearms training or other similar training approved by the State Inspector General. It became Act No. 60 of 2026.
What it does: Authorizes Office of State Inspector General enforcement officers to carry firearms on duty, subject to training and agency policy.
Amends Penal Law section 400.03 to add a subdivision 9: an ammunition background check must be denied if the purchaser is prohibited from possessing a shotgun or rifle under state law, under 18 U.S.C. 922(g), or by a temporary or final extreme risk protection order issued under CPLR article 63-A. The sponsor memo states that current law screens ammunition purchases only against the federal prohibitors. The Assembly companion was A 7983.
What it does: Applies state-law and ERPO firearm prohibitors to ammunition background checks.
AmmunitionBackground checksProhibited personsRed flag / ERPO
last action
: Delivered to governor; signed, Chapter 316
next step
Signed 2026-10-21 (Chapter 316). No further legislative step scheduled.
effective
Immediately (bill text section 2: "This act shall take effect immediately")
Enacts "Francesco's law", which establishes violations for failing to safely store rifles, shotguns and other firearms in the presence of a minor or a person prohibited from possessing them. It also requires the state Office of Gun Violence Prevention to collect and analyze data on injuries and deaths of minors resulting from unsafe firearm storage. The Senate companion was S 9629.
What it does: Expands safe-storage requirements for firearms around minors and prohibited persons.
Safe storage
last action
: Delivered to governor; signed, Chapter 315 (approval memo 5)
next step
Signed 2026-10-21. Effective date: see chaptered text (Not yet known).
effective
Not yet known
chamber
Assembly · 2025-2026 Regular Sessions
sponsor
Assembly sponsor: Anderson (per NY Senate bill page)
Starting January 1, 2029, applicants for a California firearm safety certificate must complete a qualifying training course within the prior year of at least four hours that includes live-fire exercises on a range in addition to the existing test. People who bring firearms into the state get 180 days instead of 60 to report them and, starting January 1, 2028, must certify that they hold a valid safety certificate or an exemption.
What it does: Adds a training-course requirement to the firearm safety certificate and applies the certificate to people moving firearms into California.
Permits & licensing
last action
: Approved by the Governor. Chapter 465, Statutes of 2026.
next step
Chaptered. No further legislative step scheduled.
effective
Training requirement 2029-01-01; importer certification 2028-01-01
Adds a misdemeanor conviction, on or after January 1, 2027, for altering, removing or obliterating a firearm's serial number or other identifying marks (or possessing such a firearm) to the list of offenses that bar a person from owning or possessing firearms for 10 years.
What it does: Adds a 10-year firearm prohibition for misdemeanor serial-number tampering.
Prohibited personsGhost guns / 3D printing
last action
: Approved by the Governor. Chapter 466, Statutes of 2026.
Requires the Department of Justice to check quarterly, beginning by July 1, 2027, whether ASTM International has published standards for firearm-blocking technology on 3D printers, and to issue guidance or regulations within 24 months if it has. Once those standards apply, it becomes unlawful to sell 3D printers in California that lack compliant blocking technology, with an exemption for entertainment-industry prop printers. If no standard exists by July 1, 2029, the department's duty to keep checking ends.
What it does: Would require 3D printers sold in California to include firearm-blocking technology once an industry standard exists.
Ghost guns / 3D printing
last action
: Approved by the Governor. Chapter 461, Statutes of 2026.
Authorizes local law enforcement agencies to create voluntary programs where a person can temporarily hand over a firearm for safekeeping to prevent violence, suicide or injury. Participating agencies must publish instructions for drop-off and return, check that the firearm is not reported lost, stolen or used in a crime, and confirm the owner is eligible to possess firearms before returning it.
What it does: Creates a framework for voluntary temporary gun storage with police; no new restrictions on owners.
Safe storageViolence prevention programs
last action
: Approved by the Governor. Chapter 460, Statutes of 2026.
Makes explicit that people subject to protective or restraining orders (including domestic violence and gun violence restraining orders) must relinquish ammunition as well as firearms, and revises related notice and compliance procedures. Starting January 1, 2028, courts must allow remote appearances and electronic filings for certain workplace-violence and postsecondary-school restraining orders.
What it does: Requires ammunition, not only firearms, to be surrendered under protective orders.
Domestic violenceRed flag / ERPOAmmunition
last action
: Approved by the Governor. Chapter 458, Statutes of 2026.
Requires firearm dealers to obtain a new state license administered by the Delaware State Police to sell or transfer firearms, replacing the existing license to sell deadly weapons. It sets eligibility rules, training, video surveillance and record-keeping requirements, and State Police inspection authority with civil penalties up to license revocation. Implementation is phased in beginning by July 1, 2028.
What it does: Creates a state licensing and inspection regime for firearm dealers.
Dealers
last action
: Signed by the Governor
next step
Delaware State Police implementation; requirements phase in from 2028-07-01.
Enacts recommendations of the Firearm Surrender Order Compliance Working Group. People ordered to give up firearms may relinquish them to a third party (other than police or a dealer) only after a court hearing finds it safe, and the third party must pass a NICS background check and sign an affidavit. It also sets procedures for dealer storage and for release or sale of relinquished guns, and requires a statewide model police policy on firearm access by prohibited persons.
What it does: Tightens rules for surrendering firearms under court orders, especially transfers to third parties.
As enacted, lowers the legal standard for when a person may use deadly force to protect property. It was assigned Public Chapter 1100 and took effect July 1, 2026.
What it does: Broadens when deadly force may be used to protect property.
This FY2026-27 budget bill's Part C amends the penal law on "convertible pistols" (semi-automatic pistols with a cruciform trigger bar that can be readily converted to automatic fire) and treats such a pistol fitted with a pistol converter as a machine gun. It creates crimes related to using 3D printers to make ghost guns and firearm components, and adds requirements that 3D printers sold in the state include firearm-blocking technology, with a working group to recommend minimum standards.
What it does: Restricts convertible pistols and 3D-printed guns; adds 3D printer blocking-technology requirements.
Machine-gun conversionGhost guns / 3D printing
last action
: Delivered to governor; signed, Chapter 55
next step
Signed. The 3D printer blocking requirement depends on standards to be recommended by a state working group.
Prohibits, on or after January 1, 2027, manufacturing, selling, offering for sale, purchasing, receiving or transferring certain machine gun convertible pistols, subject to exceptions. It requires the Department of State Police to adopt regulations, including publishing a list of prohibited machine gun convertible pistols.
What it does: Bans sale and transfer of handgun models readily convertible to automatic fire, starting 2027.
Machine-gun conversion
last action
: Approved by the Governor - Chapter 771
next step
Prohibition begins 2027-01-01; State Police regulations and list Not yet known.
effective
2026-10-01 (sales prohibition applies from 2027-01-01)
A Governor's bill that addresses convertible pistols (handguns that can be readily converted to automatic fire), unfinished frames or lower receivers, voluntary relinquishment of firearms and ammunition, and whether fees for retail firearm sale permits and pistol carry permits are refundable. It passed both chambers as amended and was signed as Public Act 26-41.
What it does: Restricts convertible pistols and unfinished frames/receivers; also adjusts permit-fee refund rules.
Machine-gun conversionGhost guns / 3D printingTaxes & fees
last action
: Signed by the Governor (Public Act 26-41)
next step
Enacted. Court challenges, if any, are not tracked here (Not yet known).
Makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor to import, sell, manufacture, purchase or transfer an "assault firearm" as defined in the bill, and bars a person convicted of that offense from buying or possessing firearms for three years. Antique, permanently inoperable and bolt-, pump-, lever- or slide-action firearms are excluded. The bill also prohibits the sale of large-capacity ammunition feeding devices as defined in the bill; it is identical to SB 749.
What it does: Prohibits future sale, purchase and transfer of defined assault firearms and sale of large-capacity magazines.
Assault weaponsMagazines
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 1106 (effective 7/1/2026)
next step
In effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Establishes a uniform procedure for imposing, carrying out and overseeing firearm restrictions that result from certain criminal convictions and court orders, including domestic violence protective orders. The bill was signed as Session Law Chapter 75 and takes effect August 1, 2026.
What it does: Standardizes and tightens firearm surrender procedures after convictions and court orders.
Domestic violenceProhibited persons
last action
: Governor approval; filed with Secretary of State, Chapter 75
Prohibits knowingly making a potentially functioning firearm, unfinished frame or receiver, large-capacity magazine or rapid-fire device by 3D printing (defined to include additive and subtractive manufacturing). Federally licensed manufacturers and accredited gunsmithing programs are exempt. A first offense is a class 1 misdemeanor and a second or later offense is a class 5 felony.
What it does: Bans 3D printing of firearms and key components by unlicensed persons.
Ghost guns / 3D printingMagazines
last action
: Governor Signed
next step
Signed. No further legislative step scheduled.
effective
Not yet known
chamber
House · 2026 Regular Session
sponsor
Reps. Lindsay Gilchrist, Andrew Boesenecker; Sens. Tom Sullivan, Katie Wallace
Requires a person who keeps a firearm in a residence where they know a minor or a person prohibited from possessing firearms is present to store it in a locked container inaccessible to that person or to disable it with a gun lock. A violation is a Class 2 misdemeanor, and dealers must post a notice about the penalty. The bill is identical to HB 871.
What it does: Requires locked storage of firearms in homes where minors or prohibited persons are present.
Makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor for a person younger than 21 to purchase a handgun or assault firearm anywhere in Virginia, and adds listed exceptions for people under 18 to possess or transport handguns or assault firearms. It directs the State Police to administer and enforce existing law on required background checks for firearm sales. The bill has an emergency clause and took effect when signed.
What it does: Sets 21 as the minimum age to purchase a handgun or assault firearm.
Prohibits carrying an assault firearm, as defined in existing law, on public streets, sidewalks, rights-of-way, public parks and other places open to the public, with listed exceptions. Previously the carry restriction covered a narrower set of firearms, applied only in certain localities and only when loaded. A violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor; the bill is identical to SB 727.
What it does: Prohibits public carry of defined assault firearms statewide, with exceptions.
Creates liability protections for manufacturers and sellers of firearms and ammunition, and their trade associations, against specified lawsuits arising from the criminal or unlawful use of their products, and preempts local laws that would impose such liability. It sets criteria, timelines and burdens of proof for claims under exceptions to the immunity, creates a civil cause of action for violations, and gives the Attorney General enforcement authority.
What it does: Expands legal immunity for firearm and ammunition makers and sellers.
Industry liabilityPreemption
last action
: Veto overridden by House and Senate; delivered to Secretary of State (Acts Ch. 177)
next step
Enacted (Acts Ch. 177). Contains an emergency clause.
Requires the Kentucky State Police to issue provisional licenses to carry concealed firearms and other deadly weapons to people aged 18 to 20 who meet specified criteria. It sets up notice of expiration and a process to switch from a provisional to a standard license, and lets the State Police adopt regulations to administer both.
What it does: Creates provisional concealed carry licenses for 18- to 20-year-olds.
Concealed / open carryPermits & licensingAge limits
last action
: Veto overridden by House and Senate; delivered to Secretary of State (Acts Ch. 173)
Narrows an exemption to the ban on carrying firearms in state-owned or leased buildings that currently covers property of public colleges and universities. Under the bill the exemption applies only to people who possess a weapon as part of the institution's curriculum or activities, or an organization authorized by the institution, as approved by its law-enforcement or public safety unit. Identical to HB 626.
What it does: Restricts carrying firearms in public college and university buildings.
Sensitive placesConcealed / open carry
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 644 (effective 7/1/2026)
next step
In effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Expands who may petition for an emergency substantial risk order (Virginia's extreme risk, or "red flag", order) and lists factors a judge or magistrate must consider. It extends jurisdiction over these orders to juvenile and domestic relations and general district courts, sets procedures for petitions involving minors, and provides a process for returning firearms not owned by the subject of a petition.
What it does: Broadens who can seek a red flag order and which courts can issue one.
Red flag / ERPO
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 698 (effective 7/1/2026)
next step
In effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Makes it a Class 4 misdemeanor to leave a handgun in an unattended vehicle without storing it in a locked hard-sided container, which can include a locked glove compartment or center console. The bill includes exemptions, including for a person who reports the firearm's theft or loss to law enforcement. Identical to SB 496.
What it does: Requires locked storage of handguns left in unattended vehicles.
Safe storage
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 560 (effective 7/1/2026)
next step
In effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Updates the existing Class 5 felony for making, selling or possessing plastic firearms that cannot be detected by security screening devices. It also makes it a Class 1 misdemeanor (a Class 4 felony for repeat offenses) to knowingly possess a firearm or a completed or unfinished frame or receiver that does not carry a valid serial number, and sets related restrictions on unserialized firearms.
What it does: Prohibits possession and transfer of unserialized firearms, frames and receivers.
Ghost guns / 3D printing
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 531 (effective: see bill)
Creates standards of responsible conduct for firearm industry members and requires them to establish reasonable controls over the manufacture, sale, distribution and marketing of firearm-related products, including procedures meant to prevent sales to straw purchasers, traffickers and prohibited persons and to prevent loss or theft. It creates civil liability when a violation of these standards contributes to harm.
What it does: Sets conduct standards for gun makers and sellers and allows civil suits for violations.
Industry liabilityDealers
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 529 (effective 7/1/2026)
next step
In effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Adds intimate partners (a romantic, dating or sexual relationship within the previous 12 months) and current or recent cohabitants to the definition of "family or household member" for the firearm prohibition that follows a misdemeanor assault and battery conviction. It makes it an offense to purchase, possess or transport a firearm after such a conviction for an offense on or after July 1, 2026. Identical to SB 160.
What it does: Extends the domestic-violence firearm prohibition to dating partners and cohabitants.
Domestic violenceProhibited persons
last action
: Approved by Governor, Chapter 527 (effective 7/1/2026)
next step
In effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Gives federal firearms licensees immunity from civil liability for returning a firearm to its owner at the end of a firearm hold agreement. It removes the state criminal prohibition on firearm suppressors and the shotgun barrel-length qualification requirements, and provides enhanced penalties for certain felonies committed using a suppressor or short-barrel shotgun.
What it does: Removes state-level suppressor prohibition; adds penalties for felonies using them.
SuppressorsIndustry liability
last action
: Approved by Governor
next step
Signed. Takes effect on publication in the statute book.
Generally restricts landlords from prohibiting a residential tenant from lawfully possessing, carrying, transporting or storing a firearm, firearm parts or ammunition in the tenant's residence, in a vehicle in tenant or guest parking, or in landlord-controlled areas needed to enter or exit those places. It applies to leases entered into, amended, extended or renewed on or after January 1, 2027.
What it does: Limits landlords' ability to bar lawful firearm possession by tenants.
Extends West Virginia's permitless ("constitutional") carry provisions to adults aged 18 to 20. It was approved by the Governor on April 1, 2026 and took effect ninety days from passage (June 12, 2026).
What it does: Lets 18- to 20-year-olds carry concealed without a permit.
Amends civil liability rules for claims arising from a firearm or firearm-related item brought against sellers, manufacturers or trade associations. Courts must dismiss claims that fail to meet specific requirements, prevailing defendants may recover reasonable attorney fees and court costs in certain circumstances, and defendants may immediately appeal a denial of a motion to dismiss.
What it does: Adds procedural protections for the firearm industry against certain lawsuits.
Updates Washington's restrictions on manufacturing firearms and components to expressly cover 3D printers, CNC milling machines and digital firearm manufacturing code. It adds restrictions on selling, transferring and distributing such code and on manufacturing frames and receivers, including unfinished ones, subject to exceptions. Penalties range from a civil infraction for making an untraceable firearm up to a class C felony for manufacturing items such as machine guns or undetectable firearms.
What it does: Restricts 3D printing of guns and distribution of digital gun files.
Allows people 21 or older to carry a concealed dangerous weapon at a public institution of higher education without a concealed carry permit. It renames the related offense to "openly carrying a dangerous weapon at an institution of higher education", removes private colleges from where that offense applies, and prohibits open carry on campus (even by permit holders) unless lawfully responding to an active threat.
What it does: Allows permitless concealed carry on public campuses for 21+, while prohibiting open carry there.
Makes it a misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail, a fine of up to $2,000, or both, to knowingly violate Wyoming's Prohibit Red Flag Gun Seizure Act, which bars state and local enforcement of red flag (extreme risk) orders against Wyoming residents. It takes effect July 1, 2026.
What it does: Adds criminal penalties for enforcing red flag orders in Wyoming.
Clarifies that a restoration of rights granted under the laws of the jurisdiction where a conviction was entered (including another state) is recognized in Wyoming for purposes of the state's firearm possession prohibition for people convicted of violent felonies. It took effect when signed.
What it does: Recognizes out-of-state restoration of rights for firearm possession.
Amends South Dakota's definition of "controlled weapon" so that firearm silencers are no longer included; machine guns and short shotguns remain controlled weapons. It was signed February 10, 2026 and published as Chapter 96 of the 2026 session laws.
What it does: Removes silencers from South Dakota's controlled-weapons list.
Suppressors
last action
: Signed February 10, 2026 (Session Laws Chapter 96)
Makes it a crime to possess digital instructions (such as 3D-printing files) with intent to use them to illegally manufacture firearms or firearm components. It was approved as P.L.2025, c.255 on January 12, 2026; the identical Senate bill was S3894.
What it does: Criminalizes possessing gun-printing files with intent to illegally manufacture.
Requires serial numbers on firearms and prohibits undetectable firearms. The Legislature passed it to be enacted in June 2025; it was held by the Governor and became law without the Governor's signature as Public Law Chapter 537, with the law date recorded as January 11, 2026.
What it does: Requires serialization of firearms and bans undetectable guns.
Ghost guns / 3D printing
last action
: Became Law without Governor's Signature; Chapter 537, Public Law
From July 1, 2026, licensed dealers may not sell or transfer a semiautomatic "machinegun-convertible pistol", defined as a pistol with a cruciform trigger bar that can be readily converted to fully automatic fire with a rear-slide converter device. The bill also treats such a pistol fitted with a converter as a machinegun, and sets escalating penalties for dealers up to license revocation.
What it does: Bans dealer sales of handgun models readily convertible to automatic fire.
Machine-gun conversionDealers
last action
: Approved by the Governor. Chapter 572, Statutes of 2025.
next step
Dealer sales ban in effect since 2026-07-01. No further legislative step scheduled.
Section 70436 of the 2025 budget reconciliation law sets the National Firearms Act transfer and making taxes to $0 for NFA items other than machine guns and destructive devices (which stay at $200). This covers items such as suppressors, short-barreled rifles and short-barreled shotguns; registration requirements are not removed by this section. The change applies to calendar quarters beginning more than 90 days after enactment (from January 1, 2026).
What it does: Eliminates the $200 federal tax on suppressors, SBRs, SBSs and similar NFA items.
Creates a permit-to-purchase system: a dealer may not deliver a firearm until the buyer produces a valid state permit to purchase firearms, and proof of completing a firearm safety program moves to the permit application. It also extends transfer application and record requirements to all firearms (not only pistols and semiautomatic assault rifles) and adds background-check delay rules for buyers with outstanding warrants or pending disqualifying matters. Effective May 1, 2027.
What it does: Requires a state permit to purchase firearms starting 2027.
Prohibits manufacturing, distributing, transferring, selling or purchasing a "specified semiautomatic firearm" (semiautomatic rifles or shotguns with a detachable magazine, and gas-operated semiautomatic handguns with a detachable magazine) on or after August 1, 2026, with exceptions. Buyers who complete specified hunter education and firearms safety courses, or an extended safety course, are exempt from the purchase prohibition, along with listed transfers such as to law enforcement or by inheritance.
What it does: Requires safety training before buying most semiautomatic firearms with detachable magazines.